Ultrasonic transducers
are transducers that convert ultrasound waves to electrical sounds or
vice versa. Those that both transmit and receive may also be called ultrasound transceivers; many ultrasound sensors besides being sensors
are indeed transceivers because they can both sense and transmit. These
devices work on a principle similar to that of transducers used in radar and sonar
systems, which evaluate attributes of a target by interpreting the
echoes from radio or sound waves, respectively. Active ultrasonic
sensors generate high-frequency sound waves and evaluate the echo which
is received back by the sensor, measuring the time interval between
sending the signal and receiving the echo to determine the distance to
an object. Passive ultrasonic sensors are basically microphones that
detect ultrasonic noise that is present under certain conditions,
convert it to an electrical signal, and report it to a computer.
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